Energy Drink Safety During Pregnancy

The 5-hour Energy drink is not recommended for consumption by pregnant or nursing women. While the drink contains a variety of B vitamins, including vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, niacin and folic acid, the amounts of these vitamins are well over the recommended daily allowance for pregnant women. The drink also contains an unspecified high amount of caffeine, and the effects of consuming large amounts of caffeine in a short period of time have not been well-researched. While most evidence suggests that consuming less than 300 milligrams of caffeine per day does not increase the risk of miscarriage, it is still unclear whether caffeine can trigger miscarriage. Therefore, it is generally advised that pregnant women limit their caffeine intake and refrain from consuming 5-hour Energy drinks during pregnancy.

Caffeine content in 5-hour Energy

The caffeine content in 5-hour Energy drinks is comparable to that of a cup of premium coffee. The regular strength shot contains about 200 mg of caffeine, which is the same amount as in 8 ounces of premium coffee. The extra strength formula contains 230 mg of caffeine, which is similar to the amount in a 12-ounce cup of premium coffee.

The company does not disclose the exact amount of caffeine in its products, stating only that it contains "about as much caffeine as a cup of premium coffee." However, Consumer Reports testing found that each shot contains 215 mg of caffeine. This amount is within the range of caffeine content in a cup of coffee, which can vary depending on the brand and size of the coffee. For example, a 12-ounce Starbucks coffee contains 260 mg of caffeine, while a 10-ounce Tim Horton's coffee has 100 mg.

While 5-hour Energy does not provide the exact caffeine content, it is important to note that they recommend a maximum daily intake of two shots per day, spaced several hours apart. This recommendation is in line with the general guideline that most adults can safely consume up to 400 milligrams of caffeine per day. However, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate caffeine intake during pregnancy, as individual tolerance may vary.

Miscarriage risk

The risk of miscarriage is one of the most significant concerns associated with consuming 5-hour Energy drinks during pregnancy. While the evidence is not entirely conclusive, several studies have indicated a potential link between caffeine intake and an increased risk of miscarriage.

Firstly, it is important to note that the 5-hour Energy drink company specifically advises against the consumption of their product by pregnant women. This advisory is likely due to the high caffeine content in these drinks, which has been the subject of extensive research in relation to pregnancy outcomes.

The effects of consuming large amounts of caffeine during pregnancy are not yet fully understood, and more research is needed in this area. However, most experts recommend that pregnant women limit their caffeine intake to less than 200 to 300 mg per day as a precaution. A single shot of 5-hour Energy contains 215 mg of caffeine, which is already close to or exceeds the recommended daily limit for pregnant women.

Studies examining the link between caffeine and miscarriage have produced mixed results. For instance, a 2006 study found that pregnant women who consumed more than 200 mg of caffeine per day had a doubled risk of miscarriage compared to those who did not consume caffeine. On the other hand, a 2008 study found no association between caffeine consumption and miscarriage risk at 20 weeks of pregnancy.

It is important to note that even if a pregnant woman consumes less than 300 mg of caffeine per day, other factors could still influence miscarriage risk. For example, consuming extremely large amounts of caffeine in a short period could potentially have adverse effects, and this area requires further research. Additionally, some studies have suggested that the aversion to coffee that many pregnant women experience could be a marker of a healthy pregnancy, indicating that those who continue to drink coffee might be at increased risk for miscarriage for reasons unrelated to caffeine consumption.

Animal studies have provided some insight into the potential mechanisms by which caffeine may increase the risk of miscarriage. In studies on pregnant mice, researchers found that daily consumption of small amounts of energy drinks led to oxidative stress, tissue injury, and anxiety in newborn mice. Furthermore, extremely high doses of caffeine have been found to be teratogenic in animal studies, meaning they can cause mutations in the DNA of a fetus, which could potentially lead to miscarriage. However, it is unclear what level of caffeine would cause these effects in humans.

In conclusion, while the evidence is not definitive, there are sufficient indications of a potential link between caffeine consumption and miscarriage risk to warrant caution. Pregnant women are advised to limit their caffeine intake and avoid energy drinks, including 5-hour Energy, due to their high caffeine content and other potentially harmful ingredients.

Excess vitamins

The side effects of excess vitamin consumption depend on the vitamin in question. For example, too much vitamin C or zinc can cause nausea, diarrhoea, and stomach cramps. Excess selenium can lead to hair loss, gastrointestinal upset, fatigue, and mild nerve damage.

The 5-Hour Energy drink contains excess B vitamins: 30mg of B3 (Niacin), 40mg of B6, and 500mcg of B12. The recommended daily allowance of these vitamins in pregnancy is 18mg of B3, 1.9mg of B6, and 2.6mcg of B12. However, B vitamins are generally considered safe, even in large amounts, because they are water-soluble.

In general, B vitamins are excreted from the body once it has had enough, and so are unlikely to be dangerous. However, an excess of vitamin B3 (niacin) can produce an uncomfortable flushing sensation.

It is always best to consult a healthcare professional when it comes to vitamin consumption, especially during pregnancy.

Safety of other ingredients

The 5-hour Energy drink contains a variety of B vitamins, including vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, niacin, and folic acid. The amounts of these vitamins are well over the recommended daily allowance for pregnancy, with the exception of folate, which is slightly under. However, these amounts are still under the tolerable upper intake levels for pregnancy, which is the amount one can safely take without experiencing harmful side effects.

The drink also contains glucuronic acid, n-acetyl, l-tyrosine, malic acid, l-phenylalanine, citicoline, taurine, and caffeine. With the exception of caffeine, there is little research on the safety of these ingredients during pregnancy. As 5-hour Energy is considered a dietary supplement, the use of these ingredients is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The vitamin B3 (niacin) in 5-hour Energy can cause a "niacin flush", a skin disorder that appears as red and itchy reactions due to widening blood capillaries in the body. An overdose of vitamin B6 can cause nerve toxicity or paralysis, although this would require drinking about five bottles of the drink.

The drink also contains phenylalanine, which should be avoided by people with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria.

Recommended alternatives

5-hour Energy drinks are not recommended for pregnant women due to their high caffeine content and other ingredients. The company itself advises against the consumption of their product by pregnant and nursing women.

• Water: Staying hydrated is one of the best ways to fight fatigue. Aim for six to eight glasses of water per day, or more if you can. Add mint, lemon, lime, or cucumber slices for flavour.
• Nuts: Nuts are a convenient and healthy snack that provides protein and fibre to keep you fuller for longer. They also contain healthy fats, including brain-boosting omega-3s, and magnesium.
• Oats: Oats are loaded with iron and zinc, two nutrients that can help fight fatigue. They are also rich in B vitamins, which support healthy cell function and help metabolise macronutrients.
• Mangoes: Mangoes are an excellent source of natural fruit sugars, which boost energy levels, and folate, which can help prevent birth defects. They also contain vitamin C, which aids in the absorption of iron from other foods.
• Spinach: Spinach is an iron-rich food, and iron helps transport oxygen throughout your body. A lack of iron can lead to exhaustion.
• Sweet potatoes: Sweet potatoes are another good source of iron and also provide vitamin C and copper, which help your body absorb iron. They also contain beta-carotene, which is converted to vitamin A, supporting your baby's eye, bone, and skin development.
• Apples: Apples contain boron, a mineral that can help boost energy levels, as well as natural sugars like glucose and fructose, which can provide a quick energy boost without spiking your blood sugar.
• Fresh fruit and vegetable juices: These are rich in vitamin C, potassium, immune-boosting antioxidants, and essential micronutrients like folate. However, avoid packaged juices, as they contain artificial flavours, added preservatives, and high sugar content.
• Herbal teas: Opt for caffeine-free herbal teas such as rooibos tea, mint tea, or red raspberry leaf tea.
• Dairy: Milk or non-dairy alternatives provide vitamin B12, calcium, and protein. Try fresh sweetened yoghurt (lassi) or chilled skimmed milk to keep your body cool.
• Chia-infused water: This drink is a great alternative to caffeinated beverages and is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and antioxidants.
• Smoothies: Fruit smoothies are packed with calcium, protein, and fibre. Try making them with bananas, chickoo, strawberries, or mangoes, or go for a green smoothie with spinach.

Frequently asked questions