Newborn Skin Peeling: What's Normal And What's Not?

It is normal for newborn babies to have dry, peeling skin. This is usually a natural consequence of pregnancy, as babies have just spent nine months surrounded by amniotic fluid. Their skin does not exfoliate as an adult's skin does, so it may begin to peel off. This peeling typically occurs in the first few weeks of life and is more common in babies born past their due date.

Newborn skin peeling is normal

It is perfectly normal for a newborn baby to have peeling skin. In fact, all newborns lose their outer layer of skin in the first two to three weeks after birth. This is because, in the womb, babies are surrounded by amniotic fluid, which can be harsh on their sensitive skin. To protect itself, a baby's skin develops a thick, waxy coating called vernix caseosa (or vernix). Vernix typically starts forming around the 20th week of pregnancy, and babies born prematurely or before 40 weeks are likely to have more vernix and therefore less skin peeling after birth.

Once a baby is born, a nurse will wipe away the vernix, amniotic fluid, and blood. With the protective coating gone, a newborn's skin is vulnerable to the harsh conditions of life outside the womb, and it will start to peel as it gets used to the dry air.

How to Manage and Treat Newborn Skin Peeling

• Reduce bath time and use lukewarm water instead of hot water.
• Keep your baby hydrated with breast milk or formula.
• Shield your newborn from direct sunlight and cold air outdoors.
• Use a humidifier in your baby's room to counteract the drying effects of central heating or air conditioning.
• Avoid scented products with harsh ingredients and opt for fragrance-free, hypoallergenic products.
• Apply a gentle moisturising lotion after bathing your baby.
• Use a soft cloth or sponge when cleaning your baby's skin, and gently pat their skin instead of rubbing.
• Dress your baby in loose-fitting clothing made from natural fibres such as cotton.
• Keep your baby comfortable and help them find positions that avoid putting pressure on the peeling skin.

It's caused by the loss of a protective coating

Newborn skin peeling is caused by the loss of a protective coating.

During gestation, a baby is surrounded by amniotic fluid, which helps protect the infant while in the womb. However, too much exposure to amniotic fluid can be harsh on sensitive skin. To protect the skin, a thick, waxy coating called vernix caseosa, or vernix, forms on the baby's skin around the 20th week of pregnancy. This protective layer acts as a barrier between the skin and the amniotic fluid, preventing the skin from drying out and wrinkling.

After birth, a nurse typically wipes away the vernix, along with any remaining amniotic fluid and blood. With the protective vernix coating gone, the baby's skin is now exposed to the dry air of the outside world. As a result, the outer layer of skin begins to peel off, revealing fresh, healthy skin underneath. This peeling process is entirely normal and is the body's way of adjusting to its new environment.

The amount of peeling can vary depending on the amount of vernix present at birth. Premature babies, who are born with more vernix, tend to experience less peeling than babies born at full term or later. Additionally, exposure to new elements, such as air and temperature fluctuations, can further contribute to a newborn's skin peeling.

While newborn skin peeling is typically a natural and harmless process, it is important to monitor the condition. If the peeling persists or is accompanied by other symptoms such as redness, irritation, or discomfort, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional.

It can be treated with moisturisers

It is perfectly normal for a newborn baby to have peeling skin during the first few weeks of its life. This is a natural part of the transition from the protective environment of the womb to the outside world.

The best way to treat your newborn's peeling skin is with a moisturiser. Moisturisers help to lock in moisture and alleviate dryness.

• Use a hypoallergenic moisturiser that is free of parabens, phthalates, silicone, and phenoxyethanol.
• Apply moisturiser two to three times a day, especially after bath time.
• Avoid using adult moisturisers, as these can irritate your baby's delicate skin.
• Choose a moisturiser that is specifically designed for babies, such as Mustela's Nourishing Cream With Cold Cream or Stelatopia Emollient Balm.
• Apply moisturiser gently to your baby's skin, patting it dry with a soft towel instead of rubbing vigorously.
• Start moisturising your baby's skin as soon as possible, even before it starts to peel.

It can be caused by skin conditions

While newborn skin peeling is a common and natural occurrence, it can sometimes be caused by skin conditions. If you notice that your baby seems uncomfortable, is itching, or is in pain, you should seek advice from a healthcare professional.

Eczema

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, can cause peeling and dry skin in newborns. It may cause dry, red, itchy patches on the skin. Eczema is rare in newborns but may develop later in infancy. The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it can be triggered by exposure to irritants such as shampoos and detergents. Dairy, soy, and wheat products may also trigger or worsen eczema.

Ichthyosis

Ichthyosis is a genetic condition that causes peeling and dryness. It results in scaly, itchy skin and skin shedding. Infants with ichthyosis are born with an extra layer of skin called the collodion membrane, which is usually shed before birth.

Psoriasis

Flaky patches of skin may be a sign of psoriasis, an immune-mediated skin condition that leads to overactive skin cell growth and itchy scales on the skin. Although it typically develops between the ages of 15 and 35, it can occur in infants, albeit rarely.

It's important to know when to seek medical advice

While newborn skin peeling is normal in the first few weeks after birth, there are some instances where you should seek medical advice.

Firstly, if your newborn's skin is peeling for longer than a few weeks, it's worth mentioning to your child's healthcare provider. The peeling should stop within a few weeks, and if it persists, it could be a sign of an underlying issue.

Secondly, if your newborn seems uncomfortable, is itching, or is in pain, you should seek medical advice. This could be a sign that the skin is infected or that your baby has a skin condition such as eczema or cradle cap.

Thirdly, if your newborn's skin appears to be cracked, itchy, swollen, or red, it is best to take them to see a doctor. This could be a sign of infection or a more serious condition.

Finally, if your newborn has a fever, seek medical attention. A fever in a newborn can be a sign of a serious condition and should not be ignored.

Frequently asked questions