Formula Feeding: Less Is More For Newborns

Feeding a newborn can be a challenging task for new parents. It is important to understand that every baby is different and has different needs. Newborns should be fed whenever they seem hungry, and this is called on-demand feeding. In the first few days of life, newborns may be fed 1 to 2 ounces of formula every 2 to 3 hours. This amount can be adjusted based on the baby's hunger cues. Most newborns will feed 8 to 12 times in 24 hours. As the baby grows, the feeding amount and frequency will change. It is important to talk to a doctor or nurse about the right amount of formula for your baby and to ensure they are getting enough nutrients for healthy growth and development.

Potential health issues

If a newborn feeds less formula than normal, there are several potential health issues that could arise. Firstly, it is important to ensure that the baby is getting adequate nutrition and gaining weight at a healthy rate. Inadequate formula intake can lead to insufficient weight gain and malnutrition. This can have short-term and long-term impacts on the baby's growth, development, and overall health.

Another potential issue is dehydration. Formula provides fluids that are essential for newborns, especially during the first few days and weeks of life. Insufficient formula intake can lead to dehydration, which can be dangerous for newborns. Signs of dehydration include decreased urine output, dry mouth, and lethargy.

Additionally, newborns who feed less formula than normal may not receive the necessary nutrients for their developing immune system. Formula is fortified with vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, which are crucial for the baby's immune system and overall health. Inadequate formula intake can increase the risk of infections and other health issues.

Furthermore, insufficient formula intake can impact the baby's digestive system. Formula-fed babies typically have firmer bowel movements compared to breastfed babies. However, if they are not consuming enough formula, they may experience constipation or other digestive issues.

It is crucial to monitor a newborn's feeding habits and weight gain closely. Any concerns about the baby's feeding, weight gain, or overall health should be discussed with a healthcare professional. Early intervention and guidance can help prevent or address potential health issues.

Breastfeeding difficulties

Breastfeeding is the healthiest option for both mother and baby, and it is recommended that babies feed only on breast milk for the first 6 months. However, it is not always easy, and it can take time for both mother and baby to get used to it. Here are some common breastfeeding difficulties and ways to address them:

Sore or cracked nipples

Sore nipples are usually caused by the baby not being well positioned and attached at the breast. It is important to get help from a midwife, health visitor, or breastfeeding specialist as soon as possible to address this issue.

Not enough breast milk

Many mothers worry that their baby is not getting enough milk, especially when they first start breastfeeding. It can take a while to feel confident that the baby is getting what they need. Offering both breasts at each feed and alternating which breast you start with will help stimulate milk supply, as will keeping the baby close and holding them skin-to-skin.

Breast engorgement

Breast engorgement occurs when the breasts get too full of milk, making them feel hard, tight, and painful. It can happen in the early days of breastfeeding when the mother and baby are still getting used to it, or when the baby is older and not feeding as frequently. Feeding frequently, massaging the breast, and applying heat can help relieve engorgement.

Baby is not latching on properly

Breastfeeding is a skill that both mother and baby need to learn together, and it may take some time to get it right. If the baby is finding it painful or is not satisfied after feeds, they may not be latching on properly. A midwife, health visitor, or breastfeeding specialist can provide advice and support on latching techniques.

Too much breast milk

While it is rare, some women may produce too much breast milk, which can be overwhelming for the baby. A midwife or breastfeeding specialist can advise on different positions to help the baby cope with large amounts of milk.

Thrush

Thrush is a yeast infection that can be passed between mother and baby during breastfeeding. It thrives in warm, moist areas, such as the baby's mouth and the mother's nipples. Symptoms in the mother include deep-pink, tender nipples during and after nursing, while the baby may have white patches and increased redness in their mouth. Antifungal medication can be prescribed to treat thrush.

If you are experiencing any difficulties with breastfeeding, it is important to seek help from a healthcare professional, such as a midwife, health visitor, or breastfeeding specialist. They can provide support and guidance to ensure a positive breastfeeding experience for both you and your baby.

Formula feeding

The amount of formula a newborn needs depends on their hunger cues. In the first few days, offer your newborn 1 to 2 ounces of formula every 2 to 3 hours. After the first few days, give your newborn 2 to 3 ounces of formula every 3 to 4 hours. This amount will increase as your baby grows and can take more at each feeding.

Newborns and young babies should be fed whenever they seem hungry. This is called on-demand feeding. After the first few days of life, most healthy formula-fed newborns feed about every 2–3 hours. As they get bigger, they will feed every 3–4 hours. As babies get older, they will settle into a more predictable feeding routine and go longer stretches at night without needing a bottle.

Babies will show various signs when they are hungry. These include:

• Moving their heads from side to side
• Opening their mouths
• Sticking out their tongues
• Placing their hands, fingers, and fists in their mouths
• Puckering their lips as if to suck
• Nuzzling against their mother's breasts
• Showing the rooting reflex (moving their mouth in the direction of something touching their cheek)

A baby who is full may suck with less enthusiasm, stop, or turn away from the bottle.

If you are concerned about your baby's feeding, it is important to talk to your doctor or nurse. They can advise you on whether your baby is getting enough formula and growing at a healthy rate.

Hunger cues

It's important to feed your baby when they indicate they are hungry. Crying is often a late sign of hunger, so it's good to be able to spot the earlier signs. In the first few days, newborns may only take half an ounce of formula at a time, gradually increasing to 1-2 ounces every 2-3 hours.

Signs of Hunger

• Sucking on hands, fingers, toys, or clothing
• Smacking or licking lips
• Opening and closing mouth
• Rooting (moving their jaw, mouth, or head in search of food)
• Putting their hands to their mouth
• Becoming more alert and active
• Fidgeting or squirming
• Hitting you on the arm or chest
• Fussiness or fast breathing
• Moving their head frantically from side to side

Signs of Fullness

• Turning away from the bottle or breast
• Sucking with less enthusiasm
• Relaxing their body and opening their fists
• Baby releases or "falls off" your breast

As your baby grows, they will develop new signs for hunger and fullness, and you will become more familiar with their cues and needs.

Weight gain

A newborn's weight gain is an important indicator of their overall health and development. Here are some things to keep in mind regarding weight gain and formula feeding:

Expected Weight Gain

Newborns typically lose weight in the first few days after birth, which is considered normal. Most babies regain this weight by the time they are about two weeks old and continue to gain weight steadily during their first year.

Monitoring Weight Gain

Your paediatrician can help you track your baby's growth by reviewing their growth chart during check-ups. They will ensure that your baby is growing at a healthy rate and is meeting their developmental milestones.

Signs of Healthy Weight Gain

One sign that your baby is getting enough formula is steady weight gain. Other indicators include a satisfied and relaxed demeanour after feedings, and an increase in the number of wet diapers per day. In the first few days after birth, your baby should be wetting two to three diapers, increasing to at least five to six wet diapers per day over the next few days.

Underweight or Failure to Thrive

If your baby is not gaining weight adequately, they may be experiencing a condition known as "failure to thrive". This can occur for various reasons, including insufficient milk intake, medical conditions, or other feeding issues. If you are concerned about your baby's weight gain, it is important to consult your paediatrician for advice and guidance.

Increasing Formula Intake

If your baby is not gaining weight as expected, you may need to increase the amount of formula they are consuming. This can be done by offering larger bottles or more frequent feedings. However, it is important to follow your baby's hunger cues and not force them to finish a bottle if they are full. Overfeeding can contribute to obesity later in life.

Role of Breast Milk

Breast milk is often considered the best nutritional choice for infants, as it provides ideal nourishment and helps defend against infections and allergies. If you are unable to breastfeed or choose not to, infant formula is a healthy alternative that provides your baby with the necessary nutrients for growth and development.

Frequently asked questions